Visa has released the Spring 2024 Edition of its Biannual Threats Report, which outlines the top scams impacting consumers and businesses around the world.
The report points to increasingly organized, sophisticated threat actors targeting the most vulnerable point in the payments’ ecosystem: humans.
“With the use of Generative AI and other emerging technologies, scams are more convincing than ever, leading to unprecedented losses for consumers,” comments Paul Fabara, Chief Risk and Client Services Officer, Visa.
Individuals as a Primary Target
Consumers are increasingly targeted by scammers, who rely on heightened emotions to create fraud opportunities.
While the number of individual scam reports from June to December decreased, the total money lost increased, indicating scammers are targeting victims with more effective – and costly – scams.
According to another recent Visa survey, more than one-third of adults surveyed decided not to report scams committed against them, suggesting the losses are higher than reported.
Top consumer scams:
“Pig butchering” scams: Capitalizing on holidays like Valentine’s Day and New Year’s Eve through social media and dating sites, scammers lure victims into online relationships and convince them to invest in fake cryptocurrency trading platforms. Leveraging AI to create more convincing campaigns, pig butchering scams have led to billions of dollars of losses for consumers. Per Visa’s study, 10% of surveyed adults have been targeted in a pig butchering scam.
Inheritance scams: Victims are notified about an inheritance left by a long-lost relative, often coming from a seemingly legitimate law firm or other professional entity. Red flags include secrecy, urgency, requests for personal information, and the need for an initial payment to secure future gains. 15% of US adults surveyed by Visa have been targeted in inheritance scams.
Humanitarian relief scams: Capitalizing on tragic current events, these scams exploit calls for donations across social media to defraud unsuspecting donors.
Triangulation fraud: Threat actors create illegitimate online storefronts offering in-demand products at a low cost to collect payment information. Legitimate merchants fulfill the online order, but payment information is already compromised. Triangulation scams cost merchants up to $1 billion in a single month.
“With our average time between identifying and shutting down an attack measured in minutes versus hours or days, we are doing all we can to help keep consumers safe,” says Fabara. “We hope building awareness of these emerging scams will help consumers fight fraud as another line of defense in the battle against fraudsters.”
Increasingly Organized Fraud Operations
In addition to cardholders, threat actors are continually probing organizations and networks for complex weaknesses, leveraging new technologies to exploit vulnerabilities with far-reaching impacts.
Organizational fraud trends:
Supply chains and third-party services are increasingly targeted with campaigns designed to maximize the impact of a single breach.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly adopted by fraudsters, allowing them to identify vulnerabilities within fraud controls implemented by banks.
Purchase Return Authorization (PRA) fraud attacks increased 83% over the previous five-month period, with each successful attack leading to approximately $115,000 in potential fraud losses to banks.
Ransomware cases increased 300% from June to December 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022.
Visa forecasts that ransomware threat actors will continue to target critical infrastructure, including financial organizations.
Through the close integration of people and technologies, Visa has developed processes to mitigate and prevent payments ecosystem attacks. Visa engages with all payment ecosystem participants to ensure any at-risk data is identified and impacted stakeholders are notified.
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